{"id":127241,"date":"2020-07-29T00:01:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-29T07:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/?p=127241"},"modified":"2020-07-27T12:23:47","modified_gmt":"2020-07-27T19:23:47","slug":"maestros-de-ley-de-lectura-de-california","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_es\/commentary\/2020\/07\/california-reading-bill-teachers\/","title":{"rendered":"El proyecto de ley de prueba de lectura deber\u00eda archivarse"},"content":{"rendered":"

A la sesi\u00f3n legislativa de 2020 truncada por la pandemia, que se reanud\u00f3 esta semana, no le faltan asuntos que realizar y solo un mes para hacerlo, a menos que el gobernador Gavin Newsom conceda una extensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los l\u00edderes legislativos han impuesto un cronograma muy restringido de audiencias de los comit\u00e9s, con aportes p\u00fablicos muy limitados, y han pedido a sus miembros que abandonen proyectos de ley no esenciales. En otras palabras, deber\u00edan hacer s\u00f3lo lo que hay que hacer y dejar de lado todo lo dem\u00e1s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proyecto de ley del Senado 614<\/a> ser\u00eda un buen candidato para el aplazamiento, ya que propone descartar el m\u00e9todo de California de un cuarto de siglo de antig\u00fcedad para evaluar la preparaci\u00f3n de los futuros maestros para desarrollar las habilidades de lectura de los estudiantes, y es vago sobre qu\u00e9, si es que hay algo, lo reemplazar\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es obvio, o deber\u00eda serlo, que la lectura es el portal hacia todos los dem\u00e1s avances educativos. Si un joven no puede comprender lo que hay en un libro de texto sobre cualquier tema, todo se detiene. Tambi\u00e9n es obvio que un solicitante de una credencial de ense\u00f1anza debe demostrar al menos una capacidad b\u00e1sica para ense\u00f1ar lectura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ley de California, que data de mediados de la d\u00e9cada de 1990, exige que casi todos los futuros maestros aprueben una Evaluaci\u00f3n de Competencia en la Instrucci\u00f3n de Lectura (RICA), basada en el principio de la \u201cfon\u00e9tica\u201d: instrucci\u00f3n en letras y combinaciones de letras que forman sonidos, lo que permite a los ni\u00f1os pronunciar palabras y luego oraciones y pasajes completos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En California, los defensores de la fon\u00e9tica hab\u00edan ganado un prolongado duelo con aquellos que apoyaban el \u201clenguaje completo\u201d, que supone que la lectura es una habilidad que se aprende naturalmente, muy parecida a la del habla, y que exponer a los ni\u00f1os a material de lectura apropiado e interesante permitir\u00e1 que surja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California adopt\u00f3 el lenguaje integral en las d\u00e9cadas de 1970 y 1980, pero las pruebas acad\u00e9micas a nivel nacional realizadas a finales de la d\u00e9cada de 1980 y principios de la de 1990 revelaron que el estado estaba muy cerca del \u00faltimo lugar entre los estados en competencia en lectura. La reacci\u00f3n result\u00f3 en una serie de proyectos de ley firmados por el gobernador republicano Pete Wilson a mediados de la d\u00e9cada de 1990, incluido el RICA, basado en la fon\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El a\u00f1o pasado, la senadora estatal Susan Rubio, dem\u00f3crata de West Covina, dio a conocer una versi\u00f3n revisada de la SB 614 para eliminar RICA. Rubio, citando sus 17 a\u00f1os como maestra, dice que "es algo personal para m\u00ed" y que quiere "reunir a las partes interesadas a la mesa" para que RICA est\u00e9 "al d\u00eda con los est\u00e1ndares actuales".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ella y su coalici\u00f3n de apoyo, encabezada por la Asociaci\u00f3n de Maestros de California, argumentan que RICA y la fon\u00e9tica no han brindado una mejor comprensi\u00f3n lectora y que las altas tasas de fracaso de RICA entre los solicitantes de credenciales negros y latinos han impedido la diversificaci\u00f3n del cuerpo docente del estado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El proyecto de ley ha estado en el Comit\u00e9 de Educaci\u00f3n de la Asamblea durante m\u00e1s de un a\u00f1o y ha generado una fuerte oposici\u00f3n de los reformadores educativos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLa SB 614 exacerbar\u00eda la desigualdad en el acceso a una educaci\u00f3n de calidad al no garantizar que todos los ni\u00f1os, particularmente los ni\u00f1os desfavorecidos con tasas de analfabetismo m\u00e1s altas, tengan una oportunidad equitativa de acceder a una educaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica, de la cual la lectura es una habilidad fundamental\u201d, escribi\u00f3 EdVoice en oposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Su posici\u00f3n est\u00e1 respaldada por una falange de expertos acad\u00e9micos en instrucci\u00f3n de lectura y, entre otros, la NAACP. \u201cLos padres\/cuidadores tienen suficiente de qu\u00e9 preocuparse con respecto a la p\u00e9rdida de educaci\u00f3n durante la pandemia de COVID-19 sin agregar ahora generaciones de maestros no preparados para ense\u00f1ar est\u00e1ndares b\u00e1sicos de lectura a los ni\u00f1os\u201d, declar\u00f3 el cap\u00edtulo NAACP de Oakland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No sabemos cu\u00e1nto tiempo estar\u00e1n cerradas las aulas ni c\u00f3mo la amenaza de pandemia cambiar\u00e1 la educaci\u00f3n en el futuro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dada la larga historia del tema y los conflictos obvios, ser\u00eda un error una reuni\u00f3n apresurada del comit\u00e9 con legisladores asistiendo de forma remota y una participaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica muy limitada. Algo tan serio como un cambio fundamental en la ense\u00f1anza de la lectura necesita una consideraci\u00f3n seria y exhaustiva.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Legislation to abolish California’s test of would-be teachers’ ability to teach reading should be deferred in this pandemic-shortened session. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":97061,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"_spanish_translation_id":0,"_is_translation":false,"_newspack_byline_active":false,"_newspack_byline":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"newspack_content_restriction_is_exempt":false,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,63,7,52],"tags":[40117,1375,3742],"legislator":[],"bill":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"coauthors":[4174],"class_list":["post-127241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","category-dan-walters","category-education","category-k-12-education","tag-commentary","tag-education","tag-teachers","entry"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nReading test bill should be shelved - 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Comenz\u00f3 a cubrir la pol\u00edtica de California en 1975, justo cuando Jerry Brown comenz\u00f3 su primer per\u00edodo como gobernador, y comenz\u00f3 a escribir su columna en 1981, primero para Sacramento Union durante tres a\u00f1os, luego para The Sacramento Bee durante 33 a\u00f1os y ahora para CalMatters desde 2017. Dan tambi\u00e9n es autor o coautor de dos libros sobre California, \u201cThe New California: Facing the 21st Century\u201d y \u201cThe Third House: Lobbyists, Money and Power in Sacramento\u201d. Es un invitado frecuente en programas de radio y ocasionalmente aparece en la televisi\u00f3n nacional, comentando temas de California. Walters comenz\u00f3 su carrera en 1960 en el Humboldt Times en Eureka, California, un mes antes de cumplir 17 a\u00f1os, primero como asistente de redacci\u00f3n y luego como reportero de la polic\u00eda. Habiendo encontrado su vocaci\u00f3n, no s\u00f3lo rechaz\u00f3 una beca universitaria de National Merit, sino que abandon\u00f3 la escuela secundaria al carecer de una clase requerida (ir\u00f3nicamente, educaci\u00f3n c\u00edvica) para calificar para un diploma. Antes de mudarse a Sacramento para cubrir pol\u00edtica, fue editor en jefe de tres peque\u00f1os diarios. 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