{"id":176525,"date":"2021-04-06T11:39:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-06T18:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/?p=176525"},"modified":"2021-04-07T12:49:23","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T19:49:23","slug":"como-albergar-a-personas-y-lograr-los-objetivos-climaticos-de-california","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_es\/calmatters-en-espanol\/2021\/04\/como-albergar-a-personas-y-lograr-los-objetivos-climaticos-de-california\/","title":{"rendered":"Opini\u00f3n: C\u00f3mo albergar a las personas y lograr los objetivos clim\u00e1ticos de California"},"content":{"rendered":"
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En resumen<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t

Si California va a cumplir con nuestros objetivos de reducci\u00f3n de gases de efecto invernadero y viviendas espaciosas, es hora de derribar las barreras locales.\n\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n

Lea este art\u00edculo en\u00a0Ingl\u00e9s<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Imagen<\/figure><\/div>

Por Anna Caballero<\/h3>

<\/h5>

La senadora estatal Anna Caballero, una dem\u00f3crata de Salinas, representa el distrito 12 del Senado estatal,\u00a0<\/em>Senador.Caballero@sen.ca.gov<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Imagen<\/figure><\/div>

Michael DeLapa, Especial para CalMatters<\/h3>
<\/h5>

Michael DeLapa es director ejecutivo de\u00a0LandWatch Monterey County<\/a>, una organizaci\u00f3n sin fines de lucro, execdir@landwatch.org.<\/em><\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

California enfrenta una crisis de vivienda y una emergencia clim\u00e1tica. No construimos suficientes viviendas, por lo que conducimos con demasiada frecuencia y demasiado lejos en autom\u00f3viles que generan la mayor\u00eda de los gases de efecto invernadero de California. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La soluci\u00f3n es simple y obvia: construir m\u00e1s viviendas en las ciudades donde trabaja la gente para que no tengamos que conducir tanto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los gobiernos locales deben asociarse con los desarrolladores estatales y privados para reducir los costos de construcci\u00f3n, lo que reduce los precios de la vivienda. Empiece por facilitar la construcci\u00f3n de forma compacta en las ciudades donde deber\u00edan ir las viviendas. Las viviendas compactas no solo reducen las millas recorridas por los veh\u00edculos, son menos costosas porque reducen los costos del terreno por unidad y mejoran las \u201ceconom\u00edas de escala\u201d en la construcci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La reducci\u00f3n de los costos de la vivienda comienza con el aumento de la oferta de viviendas. California ocupa ahora el puesto 49 en el pa\u00eds en producci\u00f3n de viviendas per c\u00e1pita. Construimos menos casas anualmente que en la d\u00e9cada de 1960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo llegamos aqu\u00ed? Las causas fundamentales son la infraestructura antigua, las leyes en conflicto y los incentivos desalineados que aumentan tanto los costos de la vivienda como las emisiones. La Propuesta 13 incentiva la zonificaci\u00f3n local menos para hogares y m\u00e1s para comerciales para generar impuestos. Los gobiernos locales de California tienen pr\u00e1cticamente un dominio libre sobre la zonificaci\u00f3n, anteponiendo los intereses de los residentes actuales a los de los futuros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En consecuencia, la construcci\u00f3n de viviendas en California es costosa y financieramente riesgosa, por lo que los desarrolladores no pueden y no lo hacen, y los desarrolladores privados construyen esencialmente todas las viviendas de California.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con una producci\u00f3n de vivienda limitada, los precios de la vivienda se han disparado, lo que hace pr\u00e1cticamente imposible que los asalariados promedio y los j\u00f3venes ingresen al mercado de la vivienda. Los asalariados de bajos ingresos terminan compartiendo casas o mud\u00e1ndose.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los intereses en competencia restringen la oferta y elevan los costos de la vivienda a niveles sin precedentes. Los gobiernos locales protegen ferozmente el control sobre la zonificaci\u00f3n. Los grupos de vecinos protegen la zonificaci\u00f3n del statu quo. Los sindicatos de la construcci\u00f3n quieren salarios fijos, independientemente de los mercados regionales. Los grupos de justicia social, excluidos por mucho tiempo del mercado de la vivienda, argumentan comprensiblemente que la vivienda a precio de mercado debe subsidiar la vivienda asequible y no desplazar a los residentes de bajos ingresos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

California puede aumentar la oferta de viviendas dentro de los l\u00edmites de nuestras 482 ciudades. No hay necesidad de expansi\u00f3n en \u00e1reas no incorporadas. Y la vivienda debe reinventarse para que sea “asequible por dise\u00f1o”: m\u00e1s unidades en edificios m\u00e1s grandes, especialmente apartamentos en alquiler y condominios y casas adosadas en venta. El estado deber\u00eda exigir a los gobiernos locales que aprueben y construyan m\u00e1s viviendas, utilicen la tierra de manera m\u00e1s eficiente y simplifiquen los permisos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es por eso que la senadora estatal Anna Caballero, una dem\u00f3crata de Salinas, escribi\u00f3 Proyecto de ley del Senado 6<\/a> este a\u00f1o, la Ley de Hogares de Vecindarios. Facilita que las jurisdicciones locales aprueben desarrollos residenciales en oficinas comerciales y espacios comerciales. Las comunidades est\u00e1n cada vez m\u00e1s familiarizadas con los centros comerciales en dificultades plagados de vacantes. Estos centros comerciales y de transporte est\u00e1n listos para un nuevo desarrollo residencial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El estado tambi\u00e9n debe incluir mandatos para la aprobaci\u00f3n de d\u00faplex y divisiones de lotes en vecindarios residenciales y aprobaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de procedimientos “ministeriales”, basados en est\u00e1ndares objetivos.\u00a0La ciudad de Sacramento ha liderado al permitir cuatro plexos\u00a0<\/a>por derecho. Tambi\u00e9n se deben relajar otras regulaciones, incluidos los requisitos de altura, retroceso y estacionamiento.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construcci\u00f3n en las ciudades deber\u00eda ser tan rentable como la edificaci\u00f3n en un terreno virgen. Uno de los mayores impedimentos que enfrentan los desarrolladores es la infraestructura antigua: alcantarillado, l\u00edneas de agua y gas y servicios el\u00e9ctricos que no admitir\u00e1n densidades m\u00e1s altas. Las ciudades que han dividido en zonas sus centros urbanos para una mayor densidad deben ser recompensadas con bonos de mejora de infraestructura. Necesitamos incentivos que alienten a los desarrolladores a construir viviendas m\u00e1s asequibles en las ciudades, incentivos como bonificaciones de densidad, para permitir m\u00e1s unidades si un porcentaje se reserva para los asalariados de bajos ingresos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si California quiere cumplir con nuestros objetivos de reducci\u00f3n equitativa de gases de efecto invernadero, adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico y construcci\u00f3n de viviendas para todos, es hora de derribar las barreras locales que han favorecido la construcci\u00f3n hacia el exterior en lugar de la construcci\u00f3n hacia arriba. La Legislatura de California es donde debe suceder eso. Y no puede suceder lo suficientemente pronto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_____<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La senadora estatal Anna Caballero tambi\u00e9n ha escrito sobre\u00a0<\/em>legislaci\u00f3n que perjudicar\u00eda a las peque\u00f1as empresas<\/em><\/a>\u00a0que han recurrido a las ventas en l\u00ednea y a repensar el trabajo y la vida en\u00a0<\/em>lecciones aprendidas de COVID-19<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

S\u00edganos en\u00a0Twitter<\/a>\u00a0y\u00a0Facebook<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Sigue nuestro canal\u00a0RSS<\/a>\u00a0para art\u00edculos en espa\u00f1ol.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


CalMatters.org<\/a>\u00a0es una organizaci\u00f3n de medios de comunicaci\u00f3n sin fines de lucro, no partidista, que explica las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas y los temas pol\u00edticos de California.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si California va a cumplir con nuestros objetivos de reducci\u00f3n de gases de efecto invernadero y viviendas espaciosas, es hora de derribar las barreras 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