{"id":268290,"date":"2022-09-09T05:25:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-09T12:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/?p=268290"},"modified":"2022-09-09T13:24:24","modified_gmt":"2022-09-09T20:24:24","slug":"california-climate-change-plan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_es\/environment\/2022\/09\/california-climate-change-plan\/","title":{"rendered":"Frente a las cr\u00edticas, el Estado ampl\u00eda su plan de cambio clim\u00e1tico"},"content":{"rendered":"
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En resumen<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t

Se han agregado nuevas iniciativas al borrador del plan de alcance de California, incluidas viviendas respetuosas con el clima, energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica marina y combustibles de avi\u00f3n m\u00e1s limpios. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n

Responding to concerns of Gov. Gavin Newsom and environmentalists, the California Air Resources Board has bolstered its climate roadmap with several new strategies, including offshore wind development, climate-friendly housing construction, cleaner aviation fuels and reducing miles traveled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La changes<\/a> to California’s proposed climate change scoping plan also include fast-tracking projects by 2030 to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and from the smokestacks of polluting industries. No such projects exist in California and the practices are controversial<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unveiled in May, California\u2019s draft scoping plan<\/a> outlines an expansive list of strategies to combat climate change and fulfill a state mandate to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. The plan includes a bold commitment to eliminate 91% of fossil fuels. The strategies would cost an estimated $18 billion in 2035 and $27 billion in 2045.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Air board officials have delayed taking action on the plan until the end of the year, instead of later this month as scheduled. They now expect to hold a second public hearing and vote in mid-December<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A major strategy is to reduce greenhouse gases by accelerating California’s transition to renewable energy. Newsom directed the air board to include a provision that avoids the need for 10 gigawatts of new natural gas production by ramping up construction of offshore wind projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The goal is to scale up renewables yet stabilize the electric grid\u2019s reliability. <\/em>During this week\u2019s prolonged heatwave, California has teetered on the edge of rolling blackouts triggered by demand for electricity surpassing supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The air board\u2019s move to strengthen the scoping plan builds off Newsom\u2019s call for more stringent climate measures<\/a> that he pushed the Legislature to pass before the session ended last week. The governor\u2019s push for more action to address climate change comes as the state faces more extreme heat, drought and wildfires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAchieving carbon neutrality is California\u2019s most ambitious climate goal ever. It requires slashing…emissions and an unprecedented deployment of low-carbon technology and energy.\u201d<\/p>liane randolph, Air Resources Board Chair<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTime and time again, California has shown the world that climate action and economic growth can work hand in hand,\u201d Newsom said in a July 22 letter<\/a> to Air Resources Board Chair Liane Randolph. \u201cWe now need to take even bolder action than outlined in the draft plan. The plan will be an incredibly ambitious and actionable blueprint for climate action in our state.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an Aug. 29 letter to Newsom, Randolph said the air board is \u201cfully committed\u201d to taking the necessary steps to reduce emissions as quickly as possible. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAchieving carbon neutrality is California\u2019s most ambitious climate goal ever,\u201d she said.\u201dIt requires slashing our greenhouse gas emissions and an unprecedented deployment of low-carbon technology and energy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cleaner electric power and more efficient homes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Shifting away from fossil fuels is central to the state\u2019s goal of achieving carbon neutrality. But supplementing that power source with renewables continues to face challenges. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El consumo de electricidad es se espera que se dispare<\/a> as much as 68% by 2045 California under the state\u2019s proposed plan. That means backup dispatchable power is needed to account for energy losses when wind and solar can\u2019t produce enough electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Without major improvements and investments in clean energy, air board officials previously said California would have to keep relying on natural gas. But the air board scrapped a provision in the scoping plan that would allow for the construction of an additional 10 gigawatts of natural gas capacity to support the power grid. Instead, the governor directed air board staff to include a goal of at least 20 gigawatts of offshore wind by 2045. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Currently no offshore wind projects exist off California\u2019s coast. But plans for future projects are under development. The California Energy Commission, the state\u2019s primary energy agency, released a report in August<\/a> setting goals to provide between 2,000 to 5,000 megawatts of offshore wind by 2030 and 25,000 megawatts by 2045 \u2013 enough electricity to power at least 3.75 million homes in 2030 and 25 million homes by 2045.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The scoping plan\u2019s changes also include a goal of 3 million climate-friendly homes by 2030 and 7 million by 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate-friendly homes use more energy-efficient systems, such as replacing gas appliances with electric ones and adding solar rooftop panels. The plan requires half of those investments to be installed in low-income and disadvantaged communities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plan also includes a goal of 6 million heat pumps in homes by 2030. A heat pump converts thermal energy from outside, \u201cmaking the cool space cooler and the warm space warmer,\u201d according to the Departamento de Energ\u00eda de EE. UU.<\/a>. Son una alternativa m\u00e1s eficiente a las calderas y los aires acondicionados. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Goals for cars and planes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The updated scoping plan also prioritizes the need to reduce emissions from cars, airplanes and other modes of transportation. Transportation in California is the largest contributor to the state\u2019s greenhouse gases, accounting for about 50% of all emissions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cutting smog-forming pollutants and greenhouse gases from vehicles is a primary goal that prompted the air board to ban sales of all new gas cars by 2035<\/a>. But reducing the number of miles people drive is also critical to cutting emissions \u2014 and that means finding ways to persuade Californians to rely less on their cars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los Estados goals for vehicle miles<\/a> traveled in California would increase from\u00a012% below 1990 levels by 2030 to 25% below 2019 levels by 2030. Targets for 2045 would increase from 22% below 1990 levels to 30% below 1990 levels.\u00a0Another important change aims to address planet-warming emissions from air travel: Increasing a clean aviation fuel target from 10% to 20% in 2045.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Wara, director of the climate and energy policy program at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, said the state\u2019s transportation targets \u201care tremendously exciting and ambitious,\u201d but he worries about its ability to meet them, particularly reducing miles driven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe new targets are quite aggressive and the question now is, will the Air Resources Board have the authority and the resources to follow through to accomplish that?\u201d he said. \u201cWe have a history of setting VMT (vehicle miles traveled) targets in the state of California that we don’t meet. The plan is relying on something where we don’t really have a method of accomplishing the targets that are being set.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“We have a history of setting VMT (vehicle miles traveled) targets in the state of California that we don’t meet.”<\/p>Michael Wara, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rajinder Sahota, the Air Resources Board\u2019s deputy executive officer for climate change and research, acknowledged that the state has failed to reduce miles driven because of inadequate public transit and car-centric urban planning. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

She said the proposed changes in the plan related to miles traveled send a strong message to local planning agencies to implement policies that align with the state\u2019s goal. She said the agency is drafting an analysis to assess uncertainties in achieving the climate targets. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danny Cullenward, an economist and vice chair of the Comit\u00e9 Asesor Independiente del Mercado de Emisiones<\/a>, a group of experts appointed by the governor and top legislators, said the state\u2019s low-carbon fuel standard, which the air board plans on strengthening, is an important tool for decarbonizing transportation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe need more than triple the pace of our emission reductions to get on track,\u201d he said. \u201cSo really, it’s the tightening of these existing policies that are going to address some of the oil and gas sector emissions.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Removing carbon remains contentious<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

One highly contentious issue still divides environmentalists and state officials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a Sept. 1 advisory meeting, several environmentalists groups re-emphasized the importance of direct emission reductions and nature-based solutions to suck carbon out of the air. But they said the use of technologies to capture carbon emitted by industries should be eliminated from the plan altogether. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCalifornia cannot simultaneously phase out fossil fuels and at the same time facilitate costly carbon capture projects that lock in fossil fuel infrastructure,\u201d said Martha Dina Arguello, executive director of the nonprofit Physicians for Social Responsibility and co-chair of the Environmental Justice Advisory Committee, which advises the board on the scoping plan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The updated draft plan now includes eliminating 100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide by 2045 using technologies to remove it from the atmosphere and capture it from smokestacks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SB 905 \u2014 a bill Newsom is expected to sign \u2013 directs the air board to develop a program that puts guardrails on carbon capture, utilization and storage projects while streamlining the permitting process. The bill has angered some environmentalists, who say the technology is unproven, prolongs the use of fossil fuel plants and \u201cposes risks of carbon dioxide leaks, groundwater contamination and increased air pollution,\u201d according to Arguello.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La oil industry has largely supported<\/a> the use of carbon capture and storage as a strategy to reduce emissions from oil refineries and other industrial sites, saying it is the only available technology that can decarbonize some sectors of the economy. They also say it would ease the job losses that would occur from phasing out fossil fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A nivel mundial s\u00f3lo 27 proyectos de captura y almacenamiento de carbono are operating<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environmentalists also raised concerns about the amount of energy needed to run the projects. Removing 80 million metric tons of carbon would require about 100 terawatt-hours worth of energy, according to the air board\u2019s estimates<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat\u2019s more than one third of the total electricity produced by California\u2019s grid in 2021,\u201d said Faraz Rizvi, campaign and policy manager at the Asian Pacific Environmental Network. \u201cThe current draft scoping plan and the governor\u2019s targets far exceed that, calling for 100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide removal in 2045.\u201d   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The updated draft plan now includes eliminating 100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide by 2045 using technologies to remove or capture it.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sahota of the air board said the state would beef up its renewable energy supply to provide that electricity without fossil fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sahota stressed that both natural and engineered carbon strategies are necessary. She said the state will prioritize nature-based methods first, rather than carbon capture at industrial plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plan \u2014 which erroneously said carbon capture had already begun in California \u2014 was corrected to project startup in 2028.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the urging of environmentalists, the staff added a community vulnerability metric to determine the effects that carbon capture projects would have on disadvantaged communities near polluting industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHaving that community vulnerability metric really adds in a missing piece of the social cost of carbon that looks at the additional burden facing some of the communities in the state,\u201d Sahota added. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a five-hour committee meeting last week, Randolph, the agency\u2019s chair, also called for a more rapid advance of the phaseout of oil refining and extraction in the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She said forming an interagency working group that would work with local jurisdictions could expedite that goal and develop a strategy to offset the economic and job impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tm\u00e1s sobre energ\u00eda<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Diablo\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\n\t\t
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Diablo Canyon: la planta nuclear est\u00e1 un paso m\u00e1s cerca de permanecer abierta por m\u00e1s tiempo<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t

Los legisladores apoyaron abrumadoramente la extensi\u00f3n de la vida \u00fatil de la planta de energ\u00eda nuclear por cinco a\u00f1os m\u00e1s, y el gobernador r\u00e1pidamente la convirti\u00f3 en ley. Los partidarios dicen que es fundamental mantener la electricidad encendida.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\tnadia lopez<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tby<\/span> Nadia Lopez<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"California\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\n\t\t
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California aprueba grandes medidas contra el cambio clim\u00e1tico, pero una ambiciosa fracasa<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t

Cinco de los seis proyectos de ley sobre clima y energ\u00eda que el gobernador Newsom impuls\u00f3 en el \u00faltimo minuto fueron aprobados por la Legislatura y convertidos en ley.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\tnadia lopez<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tby<\/span> Nadia Lopez<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t