{"id":93957,"date":"2019-11-26T03:29:04","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T11:29:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/?post_type=commentary&p=93957"},"modified":"2019-11-23T09:56:36","modified_gmt":"2019-11-23T17:56:36","slug":"cerebros-adolescentes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_es\/commentary\/2019\/11\/teenage-brains\/","title":{"rendered":"California puede liderar la naci\u00f3n en soluciones de justicia juvenil basadas en la ciencia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\tPor Stephanie James, especial para CalMatters\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\tStephanie James es presidenta de los directores de libertad condicional de California. sjames@sjgov.org<\/a>. Ella escribi\u00f3 este comentario para CalMatters.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t

<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n

El sistema de justicia juvenil de California ha evolucionado a medida que hemos aprendido m\u00e1s sobre el desarrollo del cerebro, los efectos de las experiencias infantiles adversas y las necesidades de salud social, emocional y mental de nuestros j\u00f3venes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al tiempo que garantizamos la seguridad de la comunidad, nos hemos alejado de las viejas normas de un sistema excesivamente punitivo a uno que se basa en la investigaci\u00f3n y la ciencia para cumplir con la misi\u00f3n establecida por ley de la justicia juvenil: la rehabilitaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He trabajado en libertad condicional del condado de San Joaqu\u00edn durante 25 a\u00f1os y he sido jefe desde 2012. En ese tiempo, he pasado tiempo con miles de j\u00f3venes, supervisando un grupo de casos y siendo el Superintendente de Menores y Camp Peterson. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuando era superintendente, aprend\u00ed con gran detalle sobre los j\u00f3venes a los que atend\u00edamos. Para m\u00ed fue dolorosamente obvio que experimentaron desaf\u00edos y traumas que mis propios hijos nunca hab\u00edan conocido, y que necesitaban asesoramiento y servicios de apoyo que los ayudaran a superar esos desaf\u00edos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desde 2007, el sistema de justicia juvenil de California, dirigido por los departamentos de libertad condicional locales, ha logrado reducir las tasas de detenci\u00f3n juvenil en 60% y las tasas de arresto juvenil en 73%. Hemos tratado y supervisado de manera segura a 90% de j\u00f3venes en el sistema de justicia en la comunidad, y hemos desviado a casi 67% de j\u00f3venes del sistema de justicia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esto no tiene en cuenta un n\u00famero significativo de j\u00f3venes que nunca tocan el sistema gracias a los esfuerzos de intervenci\u00f3n temprana, prevenci\u00f3n y desviaci\u00f3n realizados por la libertad condicional y otros socios de la comunidad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hemos llegado a estas pol\u00edticas siguiendo investigaciones y bas\u00e1ndose en ellas.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo que sabemos hoy gracias a un creciente conjunto de investigaciones cient\u00edficas sobre el cerebro es que el cerebro no est\u00e1 completamente desarrollado hasta los 25 a\u00f1os. Los adolescentes, ya sean de 16 o 19 a\u00f1os, tienen problemas con el control de los impulsos y poca capacidad para tomar decisiones. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esos problemas se ven agravados por el trauma sufrido cuando eran ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os y que la mayor\u00eda de los j\u00f3venes atendidos por el sistema de justicia experimentan mucho antes de exhibir un comportamiento que justifique una respuesta de seguridad p\u00fablica.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2016, el Programa de Pol\u00edtica y Gesti\u00f3n de la Justicia Penal de la Escuela Kennedy de Harvard <\/a>reportado <\/strong>que \u201cal comparar a los j\u00f3venes que fueron procesados en el sistema de adultos con los retenidos en el sistema juvenil, los primeros ten\u00edan una probabilidad 34% frente a 77% mayor de ser arrestados nuevamente por un delito. Tambi\u00e9n ten\u00edan m\u00e1s probabilidades de ser arrestados nuevamente por un delito m\u00e1s violento que aquellos que salieron del sistema juvenil\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta investigaci\u00f3n deja claro que nuestro trabajo no ha terminado. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es por eso que los directores de libertad condicional de California est\u00e1n proponiendo una nueva ley que llamamos Ley de Elevaci\u00f3n de la Justicia. Es el siguiente paso l\u00f3gico y basado en investigaciones en la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de justicia juvenil de California.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta propuesta est\u00e1 guiada por una creciente investigaci\u00f3n en ciencias del cerebro y se aplicar\u00eda a personas de hasta 20 a\u00f1os, en lugar del l\u00edmite actual de 18 a\u00f1os. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los j\u00f3venes recibir\u00edan programas y servicios apropiados para su edad en el sistema de justicia juvenil y les proporcionar\u00edan herramientas para el \u00e9xito a largo plazo en la comunidad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estos adultos j\u00f3venes tendr\u00edan el beneficio adicional de tener sus registros sellados, lo que ayudar\u00eda a eliminar una barrera para obtener empleo, becas educativas y vivienda.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los j\u00f3venes recibir\u00edan planes de tratamiento y rehabilitaci\u00f3n individualizados, centrados en la familia y basados en las fortalezas. Se les ense\u00f1ar\u00edan estrategias para limitar a\u00fan m\u00e1s el uso de la detenci\u00f3n, ampliar la capacitaci\u00f3n para abordar mejor las disparidades raciales y \u00e9tnicas y proteger a\u00fan m\u00e1s la seguridad p\u00fablica abordando los factores de riesgo y necesidad de los j\u00f3venes con servicios apropiados para su edad dentro del sistema de justicia juvenil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La propuesta se centra de manera integral e individual en los j\u00f3venes mediante la incorporaci\u00f3n de enfoques probados de rehabilitaci\u00f3n integral y justicia restaurativa que ayudar\u00e1n a reducir la reincidencia, mejorar la seguridad de la comunidad y apoyar a los j\u00f3venes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

California tiene la oportunidad no solo de redefinir a los j\u00f3venes en nuestro sistema de justicia, sino tambi\u00e9n de adoptar pol\u00edticas transformadoras enfocadas en brindar servicios individuales e integrales que restaurar\u00e1n a estos j\u00f3venes a un futuro productivo y saludable. Esta pol\u00edtica ayudar\u00e1 a proteger a las v\u00edctimas, proteger mejor a nuestras comunidades y brindar a los j\u00f3venes que luchan por recuperar una vida saludable una mejor oportunidad de hacerlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como sabemos, a medida que avanza California, evoluciona la naci\u00f3n. California tiene una oportunidad hist\u00f3rica de ayudar a la naci\u00f3n a impulsar a\u00fan m\u00e1s la transformaci\u00f3n de la justicia juvenil que marcar\u00e1 una diferencia en millones de vidas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

____<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stephanie James es presidenta de los directores de libertad condicional de California. <\/em>sjames@sjgov.org<\/em><\/a>. Ella escribi\u00f3 este comentario para CalMatters.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stephanie James, directora de libertad condicional de California: Desde 2007, el sistema de justicia juvenil de California, dirigido por los departamentos de libertad condicional locales, ha reducido las tasas de detenci\u00f3n de menores en un 60% y las tasas de arresto de menores en un 73%; hemos tratado y supervisado de manera segura a un 90% de j\u00f3venes en el sistema de justicia de la comunidad y hemos sacado a casi un 67% de j\u00f3venes del sistema de justicia, pero nuestro trabajo no ha terminado.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":61362,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-feature.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"middle","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":["https:\/\/news-api.apple.com\/sections\/49654979-841c-3b60-b9c1-b123dc98bd2d"],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"_spanish_translation_id":0,"_is_translation":false,"_newspack_byline_active":false,"_newspack_byline":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"newspack_content_restriction_is_exempt":false,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,7,12],"tags":[40117,64998],"legislator":[],"bill":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"coauthors":[4186],"class_list":["post-93957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","category-education","category-justice","tag-commentary","tag-my-turn","entry"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nCalifornia can lead the nation in juvenile justice reform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"California is overhauling juvenile justice system using science-based understanding of teenagers' brains. 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