{"id":244071,"date":"2022-05-09T17:09:57","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T00:09:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/?p=244071"},"modified":"2022-05-09T23:10:12","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T06:10:12","slug":"pay-transparency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_ko\/economy\/2022\/05\/pay-transparency\/","title":{"rendered":"Are California companies about to get more transparent?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-group has-light-gray-background-color has-background calmatters-summary\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-small-font-size calmatters-summary-heading\"><strong>\uc694\uc57d\ud574\uc11c<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"calmatters-summary-content\">California legislators are advancing two bills that would require companies to report more data about pay and internal practices. Business groups oppose the bills and say the data could be taken out of context.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n<p><em>Update: On September 27, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB1162\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SB 1162<\/a>, a pay transparency measure that would require employers with 15 or more workers to include salary ranges in job postings, into law. Before the bill made it to his desk, though, lawmakers removed a key provision: a requirement that the state publicly post businesses\u2019 pay data, broken down by position, race and gender.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2095\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AB 2095<\/a>, which would have required large companies to report a broad swath of data on how they treat their workers, did not pass out of the legislature.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re one of many Californians looking for a job, chances are you\u2019ve run into some familiar frustrations: unclear pay ranges and benefits. And how do you know if the company is a good employer?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If two Democratic state lawmakers have their way, employers might soon have to disclose a lot more information about pay and internal practices. Both bills, working their way through the California Legislature, face ardent opposition from powerful business groups, who fear the proposed laws could lead to unfair comparisons and expensive lawsuits.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bills are part of a larger push from states, the federal government and, in some cases, employers themselves to make companies more transparent. The California legislators have two goals: shrink gender- and race-based pay gaps, while also increasing the quality of jobs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Companies in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.natlawreview.com\/article\/emerging-trend-state-pay-transparency-laws?amp\">several states<\/a> \u2014 including California \u2014 currently must tell workers about a job\u2019s pay ranges upon request, while Colorado, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.protocol.com\/bulletins\/washington-salary-range-law\">Washington<\/a> \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2022\/05\/02\/nyc-pushes-back-pay-transparency-law-to-the-fall\">New York City<\/a> have passed measures in recent years requiring companies to put pay ranges in job postings. Intel has begun <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/diversity\/2017-2019-eeo-1-pay-disclosure-report.html\">publishing data<\/a> on how it pays its workforce, and an <a href=\"https:\/\/justcapital.com\/reports\/share-of-largest-us-companies-disclosing-race-and-ethnicity-data-rises\/\">increasing share<\/a> of the largest companies disclose some data on their racial and ethnic makeup. Meanwhile, the chair of the federal Securities and Exchange Commission <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/sec-weighs-requiring-companies-to-give-more-details-on-workers-11629489647\">is interested<\/a> in new rules that would make public companies disclose data about how they treat their employees.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As California trudges out of the pandemic and companies try to hire or retain workers, the timing is right for legislation that zeroes in on \u201cwhat it really means to be a high quality employer,\u201d said Ash Kalra, chair of the Assembly\u2019s labor and employment committee and a Democrat from San Jose.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pay gaps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When Jessica Seifert applied to work at Riot Games, a video game company based in Los Angeles, pay range wasn\u2019t mentioned in the job description, she said. The company, known for its popular \u201cLeague of Legends\u201d game, first brought her on as a contractor in 2014 and then hired her full time to onboard new employees, she said. She found out a male peer was making $90,000 per year while she was making $70,000, and she began talking with co-workers about pay. The upshot: Women were often getting paid less for doing similar jobs, she said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From her vantage point inside Riot, Seifert saw applicants negotiate pay without much information on what to expect. \u201cI think it was a lot of anxiety; I think it was a lot of shooting in the dark,\u201d she said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gender- and race-based pay gaps persist across the U.S. In California, the average annual pay for women is $50,313 while men earn $57,457, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/stories\/2022\/03\/what-is-the-gender-wage-gap-in-your-state.html\">Census Bureau data<\/a>. Meanwhile, more than a third of Californians were in poverty \u2014 with less than $35,600 for a family of four on average \u2014 or near it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ppic.org\/publication\/poverty-in-california\/\">in 2019<\/a> according to the Public Policy Institute of California.&nbsp; That year, 80% of poor Californians lived in a family with at least one working adult.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/9770273\/embed?auto=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>To close pay gaps, reduce working poverty and improve job quality, legislators have turned to the same mechanism: making stuff public. One <a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB1162\">\uccad\uad6c\uc11c<\/a>, introduced by Monique Lim\u00f3n, a Democratic state senator from Santa Barbara, would require companies to include pay ranges in job postings and let workers know when promotion opportunities are available. For companies with 250 or more employees, pay data for 10 broad job categories would get published starting in 2026, broken out by race and gender. For larger companies, the publication date is sooner. The bill would also require companies using 100 or more contractors to report pay data for contractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The hope is that with more information about potential pay, women will be able to negotiate higher wages, said Jessica Ramey Stender, policy director for Equal Rights Advocates, a bill sponsor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A second <a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2095\">\uccad\uad6c\uc11c<\/a>, introduced by Assemblymember Kalra, would be a first-in-the-nation measure to make companies with 1,000 or more workers in California annually report a broad swath of data about how they treat employees to the state\u2019s labor agency. The data include workforce size, scheduling, pay, internal promotions, benefits, safety, turnover rate, equity, and more. The labor agency would begin posting the information online in 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The eventual aim is to create a certification for employers who treat their workers well, said Betty Yee, California\u2019s controller and the bill\u2019s sponsor. The certification would come with benefits \u2014 maybe tax credits, or a better shot at getting state contracts \u2014 as an incentive. The data would also get condensed into an easy-to-understand measure for the public, sort of like nutrition labels on food.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhy is all this information in a black box?\u201d said Rick Wartzman, who developed the data required by the bill and tested the measures with a few large companies. Wartzman, who leads a center at the Drucker Institute, a think tank at Claremont Graduate University,&nbsp; thinks everyone from investors to job seekers would have their own reasons for wanting the breakdown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMaybe you like to shop at places that treat their workers well, and you don&#8217;t want to patronize places that don&#8217;t, but how would you really know?\u201d<strong> <\/strong>Wartzman said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If pay data goes public, what happens next?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>People find pay ranges in job postings useful, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/business\/talent\/blog\/talent-acquisition\/job-description-heatmap\">\ub9c1\ud06c\ub4dc\uc778<\/a>. Another indicator: In the federal government, which includes salaries in its job postings, women earn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/gao-21-67\">93 cents<\/a> for every dollar men make, compared to the national average of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/stories\/2022\/03\/what-is-the-gender-wage-gap-in-your-state.html\">83 cents<\/a>. And when women have a clear sense of what to expect from negotiation, gender gaps shrink, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w28183\">review of studies<\/a> published in National Bureau of Economic Research.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Research on countries and states that require companies to share pay data or report on their gender wage gap shows mixed results. Australia saw the gender pay gap at many of its companies <a href=\"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/NWLC.NA_.GFI-equal-pay-disclosures-public.pdf\">decline<\/a> by about four percentage points, while the United Kingdom saw gender pay gaps <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/graphics\/2022-uk-gender-pay-gap\/\">increase slightly<\/a> after instituting a reporting law in 2017.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When <a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2019\/01\/research-gender-pay-gaps-shrink-when-companies-are-required-to-disclose-them\">researchers examined<\/a> a Denmark law requiring companies to disclose pay data by gender, they found that companies required to comply with the law shrank the gender pay gap by 7%, while other companies saw no change. Reporting companies were also more likely to hire women and promote female employees. But the main way companies shrank their pay gaps wasn\u2019t by increasing pay for women, researchers found \u2014 it was by slowing wage increases for male employees.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After pay becomes more public, the impact comes in two stages, said Zoe Cullen, a professor at Harvard Business School. First, workers might use that information to negotiate raises. But the second step is the company\u2019s reaction: If they know raising pay for one worker could lead to renegotiation with a bunch of other workers, employers might bargain more aggressively and set lower wages on average, Cullen said. One <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w28903\">\uacf5\ubd80\ud558\ub2e4<\/a> she conducted looked at states before and after they passed laws protecting workers who talk with each other about wages, and found that the laws lead wages to decline by about 2%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, research suggests there\u2019s a tradeoff: Under transparency measures, the pay gap seems to shrink, but wages decrease on average.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When Colorado passed a law requiring companies to include pay ranges in job postings, it encountered another unwelcome move from employers. In an attempt to skirt the law, some companies started posting roles that allowed applicants to work from any state \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2021\/07\/remote-jobs-colorado-equal-pay\/619581\/\">except Colorado<\/a>. Since then, Washington and New York City have passed similar laws.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pushback-from-business-groups\">Pushback from business groups&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The powerful lobbying operation at the California Chamber of Commerce has put both bills on its \u201cjob-killer\u201d list \u2014 the collection of measures it opposes most aggressively each year. The group\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/advocacy.calchamber.com\/policy\/bill-tracking\/2022-job-killers\/\">self-reported kill rate<\/a> of its \u201cjob killers\u201d is high. In 2021, it had 25 bills on the list; one got signed into law.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the Chamber\u2019s concerns with both bills is that publishing the data won\u2019t capture sufficient context about why some pay differences are justified, or why some businesses don\u2019t perform as well on workforce metrics compared to other companies in their industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the bill that would publish pay ranges and data, \u201cour concern largely lies with: What does this data actually show versus how is it going to be used?,\u201d said Ashley Hoffman, a lobbyist for the Chamber. The reports themselves might not reveal illegal pay discrimination, but, said Hoffman, \u201cWhat are the headlines going to be?\u201d She also fears it might generate expensive lawsuits for companies, which is part of the reason the group tagged it a \u201cjob killer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI know the opposition likes to say that this is a bill that&#8217;s going to shame,\u201d said Lim\u00f3n, the state senator who introduced the pay range bill. \u201cWe do not believe that the act of making accurate information public is an act of shaming.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The workforce metrics bill could create unfair comparisons between companies, Hoffman said. On several measures, including pay, companies have to share data on their whole U.S. workforce. A company with a lot of workers in states with low costs of living might have much lower pay on average than a company whose entire workforce is in California, and has high wages to match.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another line of opposition \u2014 this one from Kelly Seyarto, a Republican state assemblymember from Murrieta \u2014 is that adding more regulations and requirements for companies would hurt California in its competition with other states to attract and retain companies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhile it might be the first in the nation, I also see that as: We&#8217;re the guinea pigs. And I don&#8217;t know that we can afford to be guinea pigs anymore, especially when it comes to attracting businesses in California,\u201d Seyarto said in a hearing about the worker metrics bill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both bills would have to pass through more committees in the Legislature before getting a final vote. The workforce metrics bill from Assemblymember Kalra has been put on \u201csuspense file\u201d \u2014 a temporary parking lot for bills that\u2019s officially for assessing their fiscal impact, but is <a href=\"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/politics\/2017\/09\/capitol-suspense-california-bills-vanish-almost-without-trace\/\">often used to kill them with little public discussion<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>California has been a laboratory for progressive labor measures, said Ken Jacobs, chair of the UC Berkeley Labor Center. He rattled off examples: The first paid sick leave law in America was passed in San Francisco. California and New York passed the first statewide $15 per hour minimum wage laws on the same day, he said, while San Francisco passed one of the first laws addressing irregular scheduling.&nbsp; It \u201cbecomes proof of concept when a state like California puts these measures in place,\u201d Jacobs said.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At Riot Games, concerns like those raised by Seifert, bolstered by <a href=\"https:\/\/kotaku.com\/inside-the-culture-of-sexism-at-riot-games-1828165483\">explosive reporting<\/a> on the company\u2019s culture of sexism, led to a class-action gender discrimination lawsuit filed in 2018 against the company.&nbsp; In December 2021, Riot agreed to pay $100 million in a settlement deal, most of which will go to current and former female employees in California. The company also agreed to several policy changes, including making its pay data reports available to workers upon request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seifert, who is no longer at Riot, now works as a recruiter. She always talks about pay ranges early on with candidates, she said. She doesn\u2019t want to waste their time \u2014 or her own.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>California legislators are advancing two bills that would require companies to report more data about pay and internal practices. Business groups oppose the bills and say the data could be taken out of context.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":235,"featured_media":242721,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-feature.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","apple_news_api_created_at":"2022-05-10T17:09:30Z","apple_news_api_id":"a4ff5e09-f72b-46ee-85d6-657774255bac","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-05-02T20:36:44Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQ==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/ApP9eCfcrRu6F1mV3dCVbrA","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"_spanish_translation_id":0,"_is_translation":false,"_newspack_byline_active":false,"_newspack_byline":"","newspack_content_restriction_is_exempt":false,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":true,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"legislator":[],"bill":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"coauthors":[59317],"class_list":["post-244071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy","entry"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Is pay transparency coming to California? 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