{"id":196097,"date":"2021-07-21T20:34:12","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T03:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/?p=196097"},"modified":"2021-07-27T18:02:45","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T01:02:45","slug":"california-goals-contaminated-drinking-water","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_zh\/environment\/2021\/07\/california-goals-contaminated-drinking-water\/","title":{"rendered":"Forever chemicals: California unveils health goals for contaminated drinking water"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-group has-light-gray-background-color has-background calmatters-summary\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-small-font-size calmatters-summary-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u4e4b<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"calmatters-summary-content\">It\u2019s California&#8217;s first big step toward regulating \u201cforever chemicals,\u201d which are ubiquitous in California and around the globe. The proposed goals \u2014 which aim to make the cancer risk negligible \u2014 are many times lower than federal guidelines for drinking water.\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/calmatters-en-espanol\/2021\/07\/sustancias-quimicas-para-siempre-sustancias-quimicas-perennes-california-da-a-conocer-metas-de-salubridad-para-el-agua-potable-contaminada\/\"><em>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>California took a major step today towards regulating dangerous \u201cforever chemicals\u201d in drinking water by proposing new health limits for two of the most pervasive contaminants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>State environmental health officials <a href=\"https:\/\/oehha.ca.gov\/water\/crnr\/announcement-availability-draft-technical-support-document-and-public-workshop-proposed\">recommended goals<\/a> of one part per trillion and less \u2014 a minuscule amount 70 times smaller than the federal government\u2019s non-binding guideline for drinking water nationwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Called \u201cforever chemicals\u201d because they persist in the environment, the contaminants are ubiquitous. Traces of two \u2014 perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) \u2014&nbsp; are in the well water of 146 public water systems serving nearly 16 million Californians, <a href=\"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/projects\/california-water-contaminated-forever-chemicals\/\">a CalMatters analysis <\/a>found last fall.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Long used to make non-stick and stain-proof coatings, firefighting foams and food packaging, the perfluorinated chemicals have been linked to kidney cancer and other serious health conditions in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.c8sciencepanel.org\/\">people drinking contaminated water<\/a>. They often are found near airports, military bases and landfills. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div id=\"pym_water-dashboard\"><\/div>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/pym.nprapps.org\/pym.v1.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n    var pymParent = new pym.Parent('pym_water-dashboard', 'https:\/\/calmatters-water-dashboard.netlify.app\/recirculate', {});<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Today\u2019s announcement sets in motion a multi-year process to develop enforceable state regulations to replace California\u2019s guidelines.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>State officials will seek public comments and outside scientific review of the proposed \u201cpublic health goals\u201d before they are finalized, which could take at least a year, said Sam Delson, a spokesperson for the state Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After that, another agency, the state Water Resources Control Board, will develop <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterboards.ca.gov\/drinking_water\/certlic\/drinkingwater\/MCLprocess.html\">enforceable standards<\/a>. Those standards must under state law be set as close as possible to the health goal while considering what is economically and technically achievable. That process could take several years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The health goals are based on concentrations that would pose \u201cno significant health risk\u201d to people, according to the report by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Attaining them would limit Californians\u2019 risk to one case of cancer per one million people over a lifetime, based on studies of people and lab animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe don\u2019t consider a (public health goal) to be the boundary between safe and dangerous. It is a goal for negligible risk,\u201d Delson said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The proposed targets are 0.007 nanograms per liter of water for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which was used to manufacture Teflon, and 1 nanogram for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), which was formerly used to <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/epapages\/newsroom_archive\/newsreleases\/33aa946e6cb11f35852568e1005246b4.html\">make Scotchgard<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A nanogram per liter is equivalent to a part per trillion \u2014 or one cup of a contaminant in a trillion cups of water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cKeeping levels low will ensure that those who are most likely to experience adverse health outcomes, like children or people &#8230; who live in areas of high exposure, will be adequately protected,\u201d said Jamie DeWitt, a professor of pharmacology and toxicology at East Carolina University, who studies the chemicals but was not involved in California\u2019s analysis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But cleaning up water to meet stringent standards for perfluorinated chemicals would be expensive. At military sites alone, the US Government Accountability Office estimates <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/gao-21-421.pdf\">that investigating and cleaning up the contamination<\/a> will cost far beyond the $3.2 billion that the Department of Defense spent in 2020 and expects to pay in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-these-chemicals-are-everywhere-in-everyone\">These chemicals are everywhere, in everyone<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Nationwide, the drinking water of up to 80 million people is estimated to contain at least 10 nanograms per liter of the two chemicals combined, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00713\">a study by the Environmental Working Group,<\/a> an environmental group that focuses on toxic substances.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The chemicals are everywhere, in virtually everyone, in samples taken from pole to pole \u2014&nbsp;they have accumulated not just in water, but also in soil and in human and animal bodies, beginning <a href=\"https:\/\/www.3m.com\/3M\/en_US\/pfas-stewardship-us\/pfas-history\/\">in the late 1940s<\/a>, when 3M Co. developed a process to make them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThey\u2019ve shown toxicity in animals and in humans,&#8221;&nbsp;said&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/agency.calepa.ca.gov\/StaffDirectory\/detail.asp?UID=46316&amp;BDO=6&amp;VW=DET\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Elaine Khan<\/a>, chief of the Water Toxicology Section at the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. &#8220;It\u2019s definitely something that we need to address in terms of protecting public health.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Olga Naidenko, vice president for science investigations at the Environmental Working Group, said California\u2019s analysis confirms that the chemicals pose health risks at levels lower than the parts per trillion dominating discussions at the national and international levels.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Philippe Grandjean, a renowned environmental health scientist at Harvard University, said the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been \u201cexceedingly slow\u201d enacting water standards for perfluorinated chemicals.\u201d He said he hopes that California \u201cwill continue the effort to show the way to control or eliminate\u201d them in the environment and in human bodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So far, there are no federal enforceable limits on any of the thousands of perfluorinated chemicals. Federal advisories set guidelines for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water of 70 parts per trillion, combined. The EPA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ccl\/regulatory-determination-4\">announced plans in February<\/a> to regulate the two chemicals, but standards are still likely years away.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the absence of federal standards, a patchwork of recommendations and regulations have emerged across the country. Nine states have set guidelines ranging from 8 to 35\u2009parts per trillion for PFOA and 10 to 40 for PFOS, according to an <a href=\"https:\/\/setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/etc.4863\">analysis published last year.<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Last year, California developed thresholds of 10 parts per trillion for PFOA and 40 parts per trillion for PFOS. These are just guidelines, although <a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterboards.ca.gov\/drinking_water\/certlic\/drinkingwater\/documents\/pfos_and_pfoa\/pfas_ab756_factsheet.pdf\">a state law<\/a> empowers regulators to require that water providers either clean up contaminated supplies, shut down tainted wells or notify customers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CalMatters\u2019 analysis <a href=\"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/projects\/california-water-contaminated-forever-chemicals\/\">in November 2020<\/a> found that nearly 200 drinking water wells, or 15% of those tested, have exceeded the new thresholds in at least one round of testing over the prior year.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new public health goals don\u2019t change anything for now, said <a href=\"https:\/\/agency.calepa.ca.gov\/StaffDirectory\/detail.asp?UID=2373&amp;BDO=7&amp;VW=DET\">Darrin Polhemus<\/a>, deputy director of the water board\u2019s drinking water division. \u201cThis is the very, very, very first step of the regulatory process,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But some water providers may want to enforce them, or at least start developing plans to remove the chemicals from their water or blend supplies to dilute them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese are really important chemicals to address,\u201d Khan said, \u201cbecause they are forever chemicals, and they stay around for a very, very long time.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s California&#8217;s first big step toward regulating \u201cforever chemicals,\u201d which are ubiquitous in California and around the globe. The proposed goals \u2014 which aim to make the cancer risk negligible \u2014 are many times lower than federal guidelines for drinking water.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":151008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-feature.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","apple_news_api_created_at":"2021-07-22T16:17:13Z","apple_news_api_id":"1e061ac9-3e76-4e55-932a-97652d112b81","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2022-03-08T16:51:22Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAw==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AHgYayT52TlWTKpdlLRErgQ","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"_spanish_translation_id":0,"_is_translation":false,"_newspack_byline_active":false,"_newspack_byline":"","newspack_content_restriction_is_exempt":false,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,54],"tags":[60606,1324,4059],"legislator":[],"bill":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"coauthors":[4220],"class_list":["post-196097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-water","tag-accountability","tag-drinking-water","tag-water-pollution","entry"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>California unveils health goals for contaminated drinking water<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The goals are the state\u2019s first big step toward regulating \u201cforever chemicals,\u201d which are ubiquitous water contaminants in California and around the globe.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_zh\/environment\/2021\/07\/california-goals-contaminated-drinking-water\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Forever chemicals: California unveils health goals for contaminated drinking water\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The goals are the state\u2019s first big step toward regulating \u201cforever chemicals,\u201d which are ubiquitous water contaminants in California and around the globe.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_zh\/environment\/2021\/07\/california-goals-contaminated-drinking-water\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CalMatters\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/calmatters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-22T03:34:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-28T01:02:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/calmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/110620_Pico-Rivera_TK_14.jpg?fit=2000%2C1333&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" 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