{"id":473060,"date":"2025-08-18T05:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-18T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/?p=473060"},"modified":"2025-08-15T10:53:37","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T17:53:37","slug":"california-tk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/_zh\/education\/k-12-education\/2025\/08\/california-tk\/","title":{"rendered":"Considering TK for your child? Take a peek inside one ideal classroom scenario"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u603b\u4e4b<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t

This fall at least 200,000 California students are expected to enroll in transitional kindergarten, which serves as a bridge between preschool and kindergarten.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n

Break out the crayons and finger paint: Every 4-year-old in California is now eligible for transitional kindergarten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fifteen years after a handful of school districts opened the first TK classrooms, California now has the largest \u2014 and fastest growing<\/a> \u2014 early education program in the country. At least 200,000 youngsters will attend TK this fall, enjoying low teacher-student ratios, age-appropriate curriculum and plenty of music, art and circle time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis really is something to celebrate,\u201d said Carolyne Crolotte, policy director for Early Edge California, an advocacy group. \u201cNow, there\u2019s no question about who\u2019s eligible and who isn\u2019t. Everyone is eligible.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TK is meant to be a bridge between preschool and kindergarten, preparing 4-year-olds for the routine and expectations of elementary school while honing their social skills and self-confidence. In TK, children learn how to make friends, write their names and do basic math. Mostly, they\u2019re supposed to fall in love with learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holding frogs and counting marshmallows<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

That was the case at Silverwood Elementary in Concord last week as a dozen bright-eyed 4-year-olds hovered around their teacher, Elizabeth Swanson, as she gingerly held out a tree frog for their inspection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several got a chance to hold the docile, turquoise amphibian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhat does the frog feel like? What do you wonder about the frog?\u201d said Swanson, who was recently named Mt. Diablo Unified\u2019s Teacher of the Year. \u201cHow does he use his hands? How do you use your hands?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the tree frog \u2014 one of several critters in her classroom \u2014 was not the most popular attraction that afternoon. That honor belonged to the \u201chome living\u201d station, a corner of the classroom dedicated to costumes, dollhouses, a mini kitchen and everything else an imaginative youngster would need to play house.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Two
Transitional kindergarten teacher Elizabeth Swanson shows a frog to children at Silverwood Elementary School in the Mt. Diablo Unified School District in Concord on Aug. 11, 2025. Photo by Laure Andrillon for CalMatters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Last year, an enterprising group of students, inspired by the opening of a Dutch Bros. near the school, used the home living station to open their own coffee shop. They ordered lattes and made coffee and collected money. Swanson turned it into a math lesson by asking them to count marshmallows and decide how many should go into each cup of hot chocolate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOne child would be the barista and one would be the customer, so they learned how to share and take turns,\u201d Swanson said. \u201cThey were getting so much practice with social language and communication. And everything was integrated into play.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importance of fun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Judy Krause, executive director of early childhood programs at Pacific Oaks College in Pasadena, said that\u2019s exactly what a TK classroom should be like. The focus should be on experimentation and hands-on activities, based on students\u2019 interests. TK, she said, is not a version of kindergarten; 4-year-olds have unique developmental needs. The main one, she said, is having fun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If children are enjoying themselves, they\u2019ll learn naturally, she said. If they feel overly pressured or bored, they\u2019ll lose interest and miss out on valuable skills they\u2019ll need for kindergarten and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a really big deal that we have this opportunity for all 4-year-olds,\u201d Krause said. \u201cBut we have to make sure we\u2019re doing it right.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15-year rollout of TK<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

California introduced TK in 2010<\/a>, and a decade later began expanding it to all districts. This year is the culmination of that effort, with all 4-year-olds now eligible and 91% of districts offering the program. The only districts that are exempt are those that don\u2019t receive money through the state\u2019s funding formula because they receive more money through their local property taxes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like kindergarten, TK is optional. But many districts, including Mt. Diablo Unified, have seen strong interest from families. A recent report<\/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California predicted that about 70% of 4-year-olds will enroll in TK this fall, with waiting lists in some districts. Black, Latino and Native American students have been slightly underrepresented so far, although those not enrolled might be enrolled in other programs. The state doesn\u2019t track that data.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\n\t\t

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Nearly everyone agrees TK is a good idea. Children who\u2019ve attended TK tend to do better in reading and math, and those with disabilities can be identified early and receive services, research shows<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

TK, which is free, can be a financial boon for families. Because of California\u2019s high cost of living, child care and preschool costs are among the highest in the country, with families paying up to $20,000 annually \u2014 more than the cost of in-state tuition at the University of California. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gov. Gavin Newsom has long championed TK, setting aside more than $2.7 billion in the years when the state had a budget surplus. The money is to help school districts pay teachers, keep class sizes small and provide other services to the new learners. Ongoing funds will come from the state\u2019s Local Control Funding Formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCalifornia is making a big commitment to making transitional kindergarten free and accessible to all 4-year-olds,\u201d Newsom said in a 2023 video<\/a>. \u201cWhen we\u2019re finished, California will have the largest free preschool program in the country, where every 4-year-old can start their schooling on the right track, setting them up for success further down the road.\u201d  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teacher shortage and other challenges<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

But the TK rollout has had some hiccups. The chief one is finding enough qualified teachers. Because of the small class sizes and the extra qualifications required to teach 4-year-olds, there\u2019s a shortfall of at least 12,000 TK teachers<\/a>, according to Early Edge California. Last year the state introduced a new TK-through-third-grade credential<\/a> and more districts are partnering with local colleges to recruit and train future teachers, which has eased the shortage somewhat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another obstacle has been finding classroom space. Like kindergarten classrooms, TK classrooms must contain bathrooms, which means that districts had to find money to remodel existing classrooms, or build new ones altogether. Last year\u2019s $10 billion school construction bond<\/a> has funding available for TK projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TK has also had an impact on preschools. Families in California have several early education options: state-funded preschools for low-income families, federal Head Start preschool for very low-income families, and private preschools. Now that 4-year-olds have a free option, existing preschools have seen an enrollment decline that, in some cases, has led schools to raise prices or even close. A recent report<\/a> from UC Berkeley showed that TK expansion has led to \u201cpre-K deserts<\/a>\u201d in some parts of the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Children<\/figure>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\uff1a <\/strong>Lauren Ashton plays with a child during a transitional kindergarten class at Silverwood Elementary School. \u6700\u540e\u7684\uff1a <\/strong>Children walk out after a transitional kindergarten class at Silverwood Elementary School in the Mt. Diablo Unified School District in Concord on Aug. 11, 2025. Photos by Laure Andrillon for CalMatters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bruce Fuller, an education professor at UC Berkeley who\u2019s researched TK, said it\u2019s too early to tell who\u2019s benefitting from the program. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019re seeing a shift away from preschool and toward TK, but we don\u2019t know if TK is actually reaching new families,\u201d Fuller said. \u201cWe might just be seeing families who would have enrolled anyway.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dual-language programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A handful of districts offer dual-language TK classes, which have been popular with parents. Karina Galustians, a parent in the Tujunga neighborhood of Los Angeles, enrolled her daughter Julianna last fall in an Armenian-English TK class in Los Angeles Unified\u2019s Pinewood Early Education Center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galustians\u2019 husband speaks fluent Armenian, and the couple was eager for Julianna to be able to communicate with the extended family and learn more about the culture. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe more languages you know, the better off you are,\u201d said Galustians, whose first language is Spanish. \u201cTo find a school where she can get those academic skills and practice her Armenian \u2014 me and my husband were beyond grateful. We hit the jackpot.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Julianna starts kindergarten this fall at another Los Angeles Unified school, where she\u2019ll be part of the Armenian dual language program. \u201cWe feel like she\u2019s very well prepared,\u201d Galustians said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Everyone feels included\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, at Silverwood Elementary in Concord, Swanson ended the day by having students put away the blocks and plastic bugs and Eric Carle books. Then she sat with them in a circle and praised each child\u2019s efforts and told them how excited she was to see them again tomorrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDavid, you were super responsible today,\u201d Swanson told an awed 4-year-old as she handed him a personalized certificate. \u201cLindsay, you were a good friend. Zaire, you were so respectful.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then it was time for the children to go meet their parents, who were waiting at the side of the playground. Swanson chatted with nearly every parent, telling them how much she enjoys their children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI think TK should be the same as what we want for society generally,\u201d Swanson said. \u201cIt should be a place where everyone feels included and valued. We want everyone to be curious and non-judgmental and happy to be here.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\t\n\t\t

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Some California school districts launch transitional kindergarten without state help<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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