Membership has been declining for decades
How are unions adapting to changing workplaces?
Recent labor victories and setbacks
2005 — California adopts rules to protect outdoor workers from heat-related illness. 2009 — California adopts rules to protect healthcare workers from airborne diseases. 2013 — California outlaws intimidation of workers based on immigration status. 2014 — The state requires three paid sick days per year. 2016 — California passes $15 minimum wage. 2017 — California restricts immigration enforcement in the workplace. 2019 — Following state Supreme Court decision, California passes AB 5. 2020 — Voters approved Prop. 22. 2021 — Trial court overturns Prop. 22.
Do unions make wages more equal?
Do unions raise costs?
Unionization raises costs
12.9% increase in wage costs per worker 10% decrease in a company’s market value
No more likely to go out of business than non-unionized competitors Lower staff turnover Productivity varies by industry
What was the pandemic’s impact on union membership?
Do union members assert their rights more?

Which workers are in a union?
How do unions form?
Which workers can join unions?
Public sector
Private sector
If results are conclusive, the NLRB certifies the union. If results are not conclusive, the NLRB conducts a review.